ٸ б( 28 )
2025-01-22 12:53:05 | ȸ : 19
ٸ б( 28 )
< ȣ () ؼ>
( english phonetic symbols )
ѻ( ٸ) 25 ܾ 43 ȣ ִ.
2 ó Ͽ 41( 16, 25) ȴ.
==
== ==
<(01) ȣǥ> <(02) ȣ () ؼ>
<(03) ȣ ѱ д > <(04) ѱ 信 ˾ >
==
<(01) ȣǥ>
==
(1). ⺻ (no 01-10) (2). Ÿ (no 11-17)
. Ȭ (no 18-35) . (no 36 –43)
* ⺻ : a/ e/ i/ o/ u/̿
(1). ⺻/vowels | . Ȭ/consonants | . /digraphs |
01. a //[^] Ǎ() | 18. b /b/[/] | 36. ng / /[] |
02. e /e/[] Ě() | 19. d /d/[/] | 37. ng / .g /[/] |
03. i /i/[] Ǐ() | *20. f /[/]=ph | 38. nk / k /[/ũ] |
04. o /a/[] Ǒ() | 21. g /g/[/] | *39. ch / tʃ /[/]=tch |
05. u /ʌ/[^] Ǔ() | *22. h /h/[] | *40. sh / ʃ /[//] |
06. a /ei/[] Ā() | 23. j /dʒ/[/]=g | 41. th / /[/] |
07. e /i:/[] Ē() | *24. k /k/[/ũ]-c,ck | *42. th / ɵ /[/] |
08. i /ai/[] Ī() | 25. l ==== | 43. su / ʒ /=/ dʒ / |
09. o /ou/[] Ō() | 26. m ==== |
|
10. u /ju:/[̿] Ū() | 27. n ==== | " ^ " / ٿ ϳ |
(2). Ÿ | *28. p ==== | |
11. /ɛ/=/e/[] | 29. r ==== | |
12. /ɔ/[^] au,aw,a,o | *30. s /s/[/] | no 01~05 = ܸ |
13. /ɔi/[^] oi,oy | *31. t /t/[/Ʈ] | no 06~10 = |
14. /u/[] oo,u | 32. v /v/[/] | ȣ " * " (9) |
15. /u:/[] oo | 33. w /w/[ | c c ( /s/ /k/ ) |
16. /au/[ƿ] ow,ou | 34. y /j/[] | q q ( /kju:/ ) |
17. /ə/[] | 35. z /z/[/] | x x ( /eks/ /z/ ) |
*ȣ ==>ȣ Īϱ ϳ, (/, ) ǹ̴ ȣ(),
ܿ ȣ(ݬ) Ÿϴ. : ȸǿ ĺ, ȣ 3 !
*ѱ ==> ȣ ѱ۷ .
ܾ (Ҹ) 鼭 ̰Ŵ Ŵ
ƾ Ѱ踦 ѱ۷ (Ϸ) ִ
鸮 ϰ Ϸ н ǻ .
==
==
<(02) ȣ () ؼ>
==
= 43 ȣǥ () ѱ 並 Ѵ.
= ѱ ü ٸٴ .
= ܾ ѱ 並 鼭 smart phone .
: gap/gp/[^]
.
= ȣ / / Ǵ ( ) ־ ڿ Ѵ.
21 15 ĺ ȣ
6 5 ٸ, 1 Ϻΰ ٸ.
.
c c ( /s/ /k/ ), , j j ( /dʒ/ ), q q ( /kju:/ )
y y ( /ai/ /i/ /i:/ /j/ ), x x ( /eks/ /z/ )
g g ( /g/ /dʒ/ )
==
* Ʒ ؼ ȣ ȣǥ ȣ. *(), ()
==
01. Ǎ //[^] :
//[^] []ϰ Ͽ []Ͽ
/e/[] /a/[] ϳ .
[] [] ƴϸ鼭 ̴.
[] [] 鸰.
* ٿ ϳ 濡 ^ ȣ .
̷ ѱ ѱ н ǻ Ѵ.
.
* : [a+] Ǵ [+a+] ̷ .
*am/m/[^] at/t/[^] and/nd/[^ȵ]
*gap/gp/[^] black/blk/[^] bag/bg/[^]
* ־ .
==
==
02. Ě /e/[] :
/e/[] ѱ [] ״ ϸ ȴ.
.
* : [e+] Ǵ [+e+] ̷ .
*egg/eg/[] else/els/[ٽ] end/end/[ص]
pen/pen/[] step/step/[] when/hwen/[]
==
03. Ǐ /i/[] :
/i/[] ѱ [] Ȯ [] ƴϴ.
Լ ణ и鼭 ª []Ѵ.
[], [] ̴̰ ϳ Ѵ.
.
* : [i +] Ǵ [+i+] ̷ .
*if/if/[] in/in/[] it/it/[]
sit/sit/[] milk/milk/[ũ] him/him/[]
==
04. Ǒ /a/[] :
/a/[] ڿ Լ Ͽ []ϸ ȴ.
.
* : [o+] Ǵ [+o/a+] ̷ .
*odd/ad/[] on/an/[] ox/aks/[ڽ]
mom/mam/[] pop/pap/[b] what/hwɑt/[]
.
* :
1) a Ǵ o /ɑ́:/ Ǿ ִ /a/[] .
2) /a:r/ /a/[] /:r/[()] иȴ.
==
==
05. Ǔ /ʌ/[^] :
/ʌ/[^] [] [] Ͽ ϳ Ѵ.
[] [] ƴϸ鼭 ̴.
[] [] 鸰.
*[] Ҹ [-^]Ѵ.
׳ []ϴ Ҹ .
.
* : [u+] Ǵ [+u+] ̷ .
*up/ʌp/[^] us/ʌs/[^ƽ] of/ʌv/[^]
cup/kʌp/[Ŀ^] hug/hʌg/[^] mug/hʌg/[^]
==
==
06. Ā /ei/[] :
/ei/[] ѱ [] ״ ȴ.
[] ص . ⼱ [] Ѵ.
: е ϰ ѱε Ȯ Ű ƴ.
.
* : [+ay] Ǵ [+a++e] ̷ .
*day/dei/[] may/mei/[] pay/pei/[]
came/keim/[ij] make/meik/[ş] name/neim/[]
==
==
07. Ē /i:/[] :
/i:/[] [-] 鼭 [-]Ѵ.
i /i/[]ʹ ٸ.
ʰ Ҹ ŵϸ ٸ ʴ´.
.
* : [+e] Ǵ [+e++e] ̷ .
*be/bi:/[] she/ʃi:/[] the/i:/[]
eve/i:v/[̟] rede/ri:d/[()] steve/sti:v/[Ƽ]
.
* : e.lect/i:.lékt, i.-/[.()LƮ ́] or [.()LƮ ́] (ok)
/i/[] ڿ , ū ̰ .
/i/[] ܾ ̶ ϸ , ִ .
.
baby ѿ /béi.bi/[ ́.] ǰ ̱ /béi.bi:/[ ́.] ̴.
ܾ 忡 ڿ ܾ ֱ ̴.
ܾ忡 y ܾ /i/ /i:/ .
==
==
08. Ī /ai/[] :
/ai/[] ѱ [] ״ ȴ.
.
* : [+i] Ǵ [+i++e] ̷ .
*hi/hai/[] fri/frai/[()] my/mai/[]
like/laik/[()] mike/maik/[] shine/fain/[]
.
* : [+ild] [+ind] [+ight] ̷ .
*wild/waild/[ϵ] wind/waind/[ε] v. light/lait/[()]
: gild/gild/[] wind/wind/[ε] n.
==
==
09. Ō /ou/[] :
/ou/[] ѱ [] ״ ȴ.
.
[] ϴ 찡 ̴ ݹ! []θ ȣ .
*no/nou/[](o) [](x) go/gou/[](o) [](x)
.
* : [+o] Ǵ [+o++e] ̷ .
*go/gou/[] no/nou/[] so/sou/[ҿ]
home/houm/[ȣ] lone/loun/[()ο] mole/moul/[]
==
==
10. Ū /ju:/[̿] :
/ju:/[̿] ѱ [̿] ״ ȴ.
[̿] ٿ [] [] д ̴.
.
Լ и鼭 [--], ٽ Լ ణ 鼭[--]ϰ
ٽ 鼭 [--]Ѵ.
.
ſ ϴ .
ٲ ٸ ̴.
.
* : [+ew] Ǵ [+u++e] ̷ .
*few/fju:/[ǿ] knew/nju:/[Ͽ] news/nju:z/[Ͽ]
cute/kju:t/[ŰW] mute/mju:t/[̿W] mule/mju:l/[̿]
==
==
11. /ɛ/[] = /e/[] :
/ɛ/[] /e/[] ϸ ȴ.
[] [] ѱε Ȯ Ű ư ġ Ѵ.
.
* : [ air, are ] ´.
*fair/fɛər/[()] pair/ɛər/[()] fare/fɛər/[()]
pare/ʃɛər/[()] mare/mɛər/[()] share/ʃɛər/[()]
==
==
12. /ɔ/[^] :
/ɔ/[^] []ϴ Ʈ鼭 []Ѵ.
[] [] ƴϸ鼭 ̴.
.
ο Ʒ ; Ѵ.
[] [] Ʒ ̴ Ѵ.
.
* : [au, aw] ´.
*au.gust/ɔ́.gǝst/[^ ́.ŽƮ]
au.to/ɔ́t.ou/[^i ́.] au.tumn/ɔ́t.ǝm/[^i ́.]
law/lɔ/[()^ lawn/lɔn/[()^ draw/drɔ/[()^]
* : a, o /ɔ/[^] 찡 ִ.
ball/bɔl/ call/kɔl/ or/ɔr/ nor/nɔr/
==
==
13. /ɔi/[^] :
/ɔi/[^] /ɔ/[^] Լ ణ и鼭 []Ѵ.
.
* : [ oi, oy ] ´.
*oil/ɔil/[^] boy/bɔi/[^] toy/tɔi/[^]
*oil/ɔil/[^] and wa.ter/wɔ́t.ər/[^i ́.()]
do not mix/miks/[H]! / ⸧ ʴ´!
==
==
14. /u/[] :
/u/[] []ϴ Լ ణ и []ϴ
[]Ѵ.
* : [ oo, u( ) ] ´.
* book/buk/[] cook/kuk/[k] good/gud/[]
put/put/[] pull/pul/[Ǯ] bull/bul/[]
==
==
15. /u:/[] :
/u:/[] [-]ϰ ٽ Լ 鼭 [-]Ѵ.
ݵ Ѵ. Ҹ ŵϸ ȴ.
.
* : [ oo ] ´.
* food/fu:d/[ǪL] tool/tu:l/[] too/tu:/[]
good, foot /u/[]̴. ܰ .
==
==
16. /au/[ƿ] :
/au/[ƿ] [-]ϰ
ٽ Լ ణ и[-]Ѵ.
.
* : [ ow, ou ] ´.
*now/nau/[] how/hau/[Ͽ] flow.er/fláu.ər/[ƿ ́.()]
flour/flauər/[ƿ()] house/haus/[Ͽ콺] noun/naun/[]
==
==
17. /ə/[] :
/ə/[] ȴ.
(1) ´.
* a.go / ə. góu /[ . ́ ]
̴ Ȯ [] [] ƴ ̴.
Ʊ [] Ȯ [] []
ƴ (Ҹ) ٹ ̴.
* to.ma.to/tə.méit.ou/[.ş ́.](o) [Ʈ.ş ́.](o)
.
(2) ̻ ܾ ϳ (-ə-) ǥ
Ȱ ϴ ־ ص ٴ ǥô.
̷ ̶ Ѵ.
* fam.i.ly/f́m.ə.li:/[^ ́..()] =>[^ ́.()]
* cred.i.ble/kréd.ə.bl/[ũ()A ́.. ] =>[ũ()A ́.]
.
(3) r տ ִ :
flow.er /fláu.ǝr/ ϰ [ƿ ́.()]
r տ :
flour /flauǝr/ Ǵ /flaur/ ȴ.
(ou /au/ ǰ r ٸ )
/ə/ []
/ə/ 缱 Ը Ҹ ʴ´.
[] .
flour /flauǝr/(x) /fláur/(x) ̴ ̴.
.
(4) /ɛər/ ϳ Ǵ /ə/ [] Ѵ.
Ǵ 쵵 ִ.
* af.fair/ə.fɛ́ər/[.() ́]
==
==
18. b /b/[/] :
[]
1) ڿ ̸ տ δ.
*bag/bg/[^] ba.by/béi.bi:/[ ́.]
2) տ ̸ ħ δ. *cab/kb/[ij^]
.
[]
1) ڿ . *bread/bred/[()A]
2) տ *verb/vərb/[()]
==
==
19. d /d/[/] :
[]
1) ڿ ̸ տ δ. *dodge/dɑdʒ/[]
2) տ ̸ ħ δ. *dad/dd/[^]
.
[]
1) ڿ . *dream/dri:m/[()]
2) տ *hand/hnd/[^ȵ]
==
20. f /f/[/] :
/f/[/] /p/[] Ǵ Լ Ʒ Լ Լ
¦ ־ ٰ ٶ Ҹ 鼭 [] Ѵ.
ѱ ʴ´. н ǻ ϴ ̴.
.
gh, ph /f/ .
1) gh ܾ ó ==>
*ghast.ly/gǽst.li:/[^ƽƮ ́.()] ghost/goust[콺Ʈ]
2) gh ܾ ==>
*laugh/lf/[()^] e.nough/i.nʌ́f/[.^ ́]
3) ph ܾ ̳ ==>
*phone/foun/[] pho.to/fóut.ou/[W ́.]
.
[]
1) ڿ ̸ տ δ.
*fan/fn/[^] fa.ble/féi.bl/[ ́.]
2) տ ̸ ħ δ.
*wife/waif/[͟]
.
[]
1) ڿ . *free/fri:/[()]
2) տ *golf/gɔlf/[^]
.
* : pine/pain/[] fine/fain/[] еǰ .
==
==
21. g /g/[/], g/dʒ/[/()] :
g a,o,u /g/ .
*gap/gp/[^] *got/gat/[] *gun/gʌn/[^]
ڿ e,i,y /dʒ/ Ģ. no 23. /dʒ/[/()] .
.
/g/[/]
[]
1) ڿ տ δ.
*girl/gərl/[()] guide/gaid/[]
2) տ ħ δ.
*bag/bg/[^] tag/tg/[^]
.
[]
ڿ .
*gril/gril/[()] green/gri:/[()]
.
* : gh ܾ /f/ /g/ .
==
==
22. h /h/[] :
(1) տ ٿ д´.
*hand/hnd/[^ȵ] hide/haid/[ϟ] who/hu:/[Ŀ]
hab.it/h́b.it/[^ ́.]
.
(2) ܾ Ǵ 찡 .
" wh " ϴ ܾ κ h Ͽ
ȣ 缱 / h / ǥϰ ִ. (̽Ĺ)
*wheel.chair/hwí:l.tʃɛ̀ər/[ ́. ü() ̀] what/hwat/[]
.
humor ̰̽, humour ܾ.
/hjú:.mər/[̿ ́.()]()
/hjú:.mər/[ ́.()]()
.
̷ ص .
Ϳ ̱ Ϳ ʴ ̰ ִ.
.
̱ ִ.
̽ Ѵ. .
.
(3) h տ c ͼ ch, tch Ǹ /tʃ/ ȴ.* chick.en/tʃík.in/
(4) h տ g ͼ gh Ǹ /f/ ȴ. * laugh/lf/
(5) h տ p ͼ ph Ǹ /f/ ȴ. * phone/foun/
==
==
23. j /dʒ/[/] :
/dʒ/
1) j /dʒ/ ȴ. *jack/dʒk/[^]
2) g ڿ e i y /dʒ/ ȴ.
*gen.tle/ʤén.tl/[ ́.Ʈ] *gin.ger/ʤín.dʒər/[ ́.()] *gym/ʤim/[]
*(get, gild ) .
3) dge /dʒ/ ȴ.
.
[]
1) ڿ տ δ.
*job/dʒɑb/[] jack.et/dʒ́k.it/[^ ́.]
2) ڿ ħ δ.
*judg.er/dʒʌ́dʒ.ər/[^ ́.()]
.
[()]
1) ڿ
*judg.ment/dʒʌ́dʒ.mənt/[^ ́́.Ʈ]
2) ܾ ̸
*dodge/dɑ:dʒ/[پ] * [] [] ص .
* no 43 /ʒ/=/dʒ/ ó. = su, si ´.
*meas.ure/méʒ.ər/[ ́.()]
==
==
24. k /k/[/ũ] :
[]
1) ڿ տ δ.
*keep/ki:p/[Ű] king/ki/[ŷ] knock/nɑk/[E]
2) տ ħ δ.
*cake/keik/[ij] fake/feik/[П]
.
[ũ]
1) ڿ . *klunk/klʌk/[ũ^ũ]
"k" ܾ .
*knock/nɑk/[E] kn /n/ ȴ.(n )
.
2) cr c r ̸ /kr/[ũ()] ȴ.
*cream/kri:m/[ũ()] crown/kraun/[ũ()]
.
3) cl c l ̸ /kl/[ũ] ȴ.
*clean/kli:n/[ũ] clip/klip/[ũ]
.
"c" ڿ a,o,u /k/ .
*cake/keik/[ij], cop/kap/[], cup/kʌp/[Ŀ^]
.
"c" ̸鼭 ڿ ų, ܾ ̸ /k/ .
*pic.nic/pík.nik/[ ́.]
: par.tic.i.pate /pɑr.tís.ǝ.pèit/ vi. ϴ, ϴ, ϴ
.
"q" /kju:/[Ű] ȴ.
.
"sch-" /k/[] ִ.
*school/sku:l/[] sched.ule/skédʒ.u:l/[H ́.] schol.ar/skάl.ǝr/
==
25. l /l/[()//] :~ 29. r ==
==
30. s /s/[/] :
[]
s տ ٿ д´.
*sack/sk/[^] sat/st/[^] sea/si:/[] sit/sit/[]
.
* ħ ٿ ʴ Ģ Ѵ.
, s ڿ /i/[] ħ .
*mis.sing/mís.i/[ ́.] ex.ces.sive/ek.sés.iv/[. ́.]
.
[]
1) s ڿ [] д´.
*sleep/sli:p/[] steak/steik/[]
2) s ̳ ܾ [] д´.
*us/ʌs/[^ƽ] bus/bʌs/[^ƽ]
.
*c ڿ e, i, y /s/ .
*cent/sent/[Ʈ] cir.cle/sə́r.kl/[() ́.ũ] cy.cle/sái.kl/[ ́.ũ]
==
==
31. t /t/[/Ʈ] :
[]
1) ڿ տ δ.
*ta.ble/téi.bl/[ ́.] tip/tip/[L] top/ta:p/[Ÿ]
2) տ ħ δ.
*tot/tat/[y] hat/ht/[^]
.
[Ʈ]
1) ڿ .
*train/trein/[Ʈ()] truck/trʌk/[Ʈ]()^]
2) տ
*bolt/boult/[Ʈ] jolt/dʒoult/[Ʈ]
.
* : t յڿ ũ .
t ,
==
==
32. v /v/[/] :
[]ϴ Ը翡 Ʒ Լ Լ ؿ ¦ ְ 鼭 ٶҸ
ణ ϸ鼭 []Ѵ. *b/b/[] ǰ [] δ.
.
[]
1) ڿ տ δ.
*van/vn/[^] vi.o.lin/vài.ə.lín/[ ̀..() ́]
va.can.cy/véi.kən.si:/[ ́..]
2) տ ħ δ.
*cav.i.ty/ḱv.ə.ti:/[ij^ ́..Ƽ] five/failv/[ğ]
.
[]
տ [-] д´.
*valve/vlv/[^] twelve/twelv/[Ʈ]
.
* : base/beis/[̽] vase/veis/[̽] ǰ .
==
==
33. w /w/[] :
(1) [] .
*w/w/[] ̳ ʴ´.
*what/hwat/[] why/hwai/[] where/hwɛər/[쿡()]
wade/weid/[֟]
(2) ϳ .
*law/ɔ/[()^] know/nou/[], few/fju:/[ǿ]
(3) [] Լ ణ и鼭 []Ѵ.
oo /u/ /u:/ µ
/u/ /u:/ ٸ ̰, /u/[] w/w/[] ̴.
==
==
34. y /j/[] : y /j /, /ai/, /i:/, /i/ .
(1) /j/[] :
1) y ڿ /j/ ȴ. ʴ´.
* yam/jm/[̾^] yes/jes/[ֽ̾] yellow /jél.ou/[̾ ́.]
* /j/ [] ǥ Ͽ [] [] ̴.
* yam/jm/[^] yes/jes/[ֽ] yellow /jél.ou/[ ́.]
鸱 ִ. о .
2) y ƴ϶ /j/[] ٿ ϳ
ڸ . *new/nju:/[Ͽ] [](ok)
.
(2) /ai/[] /i:/[], /i/[] :
1) ܾ( + y) y = /ai/ *my/mai/[]
2) ܾ( +y ++e) y = /ai/ *kyle/káil/[ī]
.
3) ̻ ܾ y( .)=/ai/ *sup.ply/sə.plái/[. ́]
4) ̻ ܾ y( )=/ai/
*bry.an/brái.ən/[() ́.] cy.cle /sái.kl/[ ́.ũ]
5) ̻ ܾ y( ) =/i:/ *ba.by/béi.bi:/[ ́.]
6) ܾ( +y +) = /i/ *gym/ʤim/[]
: bi.cy.cle /bái.sik.l/
==
==
35. z /z/[/] :
* j /dʒ/[/()] s /s/[/] ǰ ̷ ǥѴ.
* [] [] ƴϸ鼭 .
.
* ħ ٿ ʴ Ģ Ѵ.
, ڿ /i/[] ħ .
*vis.it/víz.it/[ ́.] clos.et/klɑ́z.it/[ũ ́.]
.
[]
z ù ڷ ڿ տ δ.
* zag/zg/[^] ze.ro/zí:.rou/[ ́.()ο] zoo/zu:/[ֿ]
.
[]
z ̸鼭 ܾ /s/[]
hertz/hərts/[()Ʈ] glitz/glits/[潺]
.
s ̸鼭 ̳, ܾ ̸ [] Ѵ.
*is/iz/[] was/wəz/[] or /wɑz/[] closed
*x ܾ /eks/[뽺] а ܾ /z/ ȴ.
x ° /eks/ /egz/ еǾ
ܾ ȣ Ȯϴ.
==
==
36. ng //[] :
//[] ng ܾ ̳ ڿ [o] Ѵ.
*king/ki/[ŷ] long/lɔ/[()^] king.dom/kí.dəm/[ŷ ́.]
==
==
37. ng /.g/[ / /,] :
[o]
ng ܾ [o] ħ ̰,
[] տ δ.
*fin.ger/fí.gər/[ ́.()]
.
[]
ng ܾ [o] ħ ̰,
տ [] .
*eng.lish/í.gliʃ/[ ́.̾]
.
[,]
ng n . g 쵵 ִ.
*in.gre.di.ant/in.grí:.di:.ənt/[.() ́..Ʈ]
* -n.g- ܾ ٸ и 36, 37 ٸ.
-n. ڿ ٰ, -.g- տ δ.
*en.gage/en.géidʒ/[. ́] gin.ger/dʒín.dʒǝr/[ ́. ()]
==
==
38. nk /k/[/ũ] :
[]
nk ڿ [] δ.
* pink.y/pí.ki:/[ ́.Ű]
.
[ũ]
nk ڿ ų ܾ ̸ [oũ] Ѵ.
*thank.less/ɵ́k.lis/[^ũ ́.()] think/ɵik/[ũ]
==
==
39. ch, tch /tʃ/[/] :
[]
1) ch(tch) ڿ տ δ.
*chick.en/tʃík.in/[ ́.] child/tʃaild/[ϵ]
2) ch(tch) տ ħ δ.
*pitch.er/pítʃ.ər/[ ́.()] catch.er/ḱtʃ.ər/[ij^ ́.()]
.
[(ġ)]
ch(tch) ܾ ̸ [(ġ)] Ѵ.
*bench/bentʃ/[(ġ)] catch/ktʃ/[ij^] watch/wɑ:tʃ/[ƾ]
* : ques.tion/kwés.tʃən/[ũֽ ́.õ] -tion/tʃən/ .
==
==
40. sh /ʃ/[/()/] :
s 쵵 [] ʴ´. sh []̴.
.
[]
sh ڿ տ δ( ).
*she/ʃi:/[] shake/ʃeik/[؟] show/ʃou/[]
.
[()]
sh ܾ տ ڿ
*shred/ʃred/[()A] shrimp/ʃrimp/[()]
.
[()]
1) sh ܾ ̸ [] [] ok!
*wash/wɑʃ/[ƾ] cash/kʃ/[ij^ƾ]
2) sh ̸ [] [] Ѵ. [] [] ok!
*re.fresh.ment/ri.fréʃ.mənt/[().() ́.Ʈ]
3) ʃ ̿ ϰ ( ) ڿ .
*ex.hi.bi.tion/èk.sə.bíʃ.ən/[ ̀.. ́.]
.
* : / ʃ / Ʒ ٲ д 찡 ִ.
shake/ʃeik/[؟] ==>[](x)
show/ʃou/[] ==>[](x) Ǵ ٿ [](x)
̷ ! [] [] [] [] [] [] .
.
* : ܾ /ʃ/ ִ.
* schnei.der/ʃnái.dǝr/[ ́.()]
* pa.tient/péi.ʃənt/[ ́.Ʈ]
==
==
41. th //[/] : & 42. th /ɵ/[/] :
th ϴ
ణ ̴ ô ϸ鼭 Լ ¿ ,
ġƿ ణ ¿ Ѵ.
.
[], []
1) ڿ տ δ.
*than/n/[^] this/is/[] *think/ɵik/[ũ]
2) տ δ.
*with/wi, wiɵ/[, ] both.er/bɑ́.ər/[W ́.()]
.
[], []
1) ڿ [], [] д´.
*thrill/ɵril/[()] throw/ɵrou/[()ο]
2) տ [], [] д´.
*health/helɵ/[]
.
* :
// /ɵ/ Ű ǥ ܱ
Ѱ谡 ִ. ̸ ؼ ʿ .
==
==
43. /ʒ/[/()] :
/dʒ/ óϸ ȴ.
.
*Ȯ /z/ 쳪
ѱ ̸ ̷ ʿ䵵 .
.
*meas.ure/méʒ.ər/[ ́.()] lei.sure/lí:.ʒər/[() ́.()]
clo.sure/klóu.ʒər/[ũ ́.()] pleas.ure/pléʒ.ər/[ ́.()]
==
==
<(03) ѱ д >
==
ѱ ۷ Ǯ
鸮 ϰ Ϸ ǵ н ǻ ̴.
ȣ ڷ ű ü .
ٰ Ǵ ǥ 100% .
ܾ бⰡ Ǹ ѱ ϰ ȣ .
Ҹ ؾ ǰ ̴.
ѱ ǥ ذ ʴ ѱ ˱
ȣ ۷ ű Ѱ谡 ִ.
...
: //[^], /ʌ/[^]
/ɔ/[^] /ɔi/[^]
̴ յ ڸ ٿ ϳ ڴ ǥô.
...
: /f/[/] & /p/[/], /v/[/] & /b/[/]
/z/[/] & /dʒ/[/], //[/] & /ɵ/[/]
еǰ ϴ ǥô.
43 ȣ ߺǴ ǥϿ.
бⰡ Ǹ аų .
.
̻ ܾ( ܾ ȣ ( . )ǥ ) ǥô.
(1) , (2) ְ( ),
(3) () () Ű(), 並 ٿ ϳ !
.
ѱ Ȱ ũ :
ѱ ũ⸦ ٸ
ڰ 鼭 ڰ ٸ ڿ ū
о ϴ 濡 б Ʒ Ͽ.
.
Ȥ ̷ Ǿ ѱ Ʒ
ǰ ϰ
() () Ҹ ( Ҹ .) Ը .
.
⺻ Ȱ ũⰡ 12 Ǿ
1 /12, 2 /11, /10,
() () ֵ / 10.
.
⺻ Ȱ ũⰡ 11 Ǿ
1 /11, 2 /10, /9,
() () ֵ / 9.
.
ǥ⸦ ̱ ϰ,
ѱ ش ǥⰡ Ǿ ִ.
: a.go / əgóu / <==ȣ ǥⰡ .
̱ / ə gō ́/ <==ȣ ξ ȴ.
.
* : /-óu/ = ̱ /-ō ́/ /o/ ǥð ִٰ
[] [] д . [] .
.
1. ĺ θ д´.
ѱ ϱ . ѱ Ͽ.
̰ ٿ ٸ ȴ. Ѿ Ѵ.
: no/nou/[] []Ǵ [] д ̴. [](o)
what/hwɑt/[] [] !
⺻ ǰ ѱ ϳ ϸ
ܾ ĺ ϳ д .
: smile/smail/[] ==> [Ǿ]
.
2. Ģ
(1) t ħ ٿ д´.( )
(2) r ̳ տ ٿ д´.
̷ ʴ ܾ ִ.
(1) : for.ev.er / fɔr. év. ər/[ ^(). ́.()](o)
[ ^. ()O ́. ()](x)
(2) : for.eign / fɔ́r. in /[ ^() ́. ](o)
[ ^ ́. () ](o)
:
(1) r ־ Ѵ.
տ ٿ ϸ DZ ̴.
(2) r ־ Ǿִ.
ᱹ ̱ r ̿ .
.
3. () ()
(1) () l Ȯ
l õ() ٿ ϰ
õ忡 ¶ ȴ.
õ忡 ¿ ϰ (). ȴ.
.
(2) () r Ȯ
r õ忡 ʰ ϰ
ʰ Ϸ () .
ʰ Ͽ ϰ 鸮 ().
==
==
<(04) ѱ 信 ˾ >
==
ѱ 並 [] ÷ [,,Ʈ] ǥ
b ĺ /bi:/[]
ܾ "buh [, ]" д´. ( )
" buh " ѱ۷ Űܺ [] ǰ [] ȴ.
: book / b u k / [ ũ ] [ ũ] ȴ.
.
ѱ ٿ ϳ ʰ
ĺ ϳ б ̷ .
.
[] [] u/ʌ/[^] /ə/[] DZ Ѵ.
̴ Ȯ [] [] ƴϸ鼭 ̴.
Ҹ ۷ ǥԿ Ѱ谡 ֱ ̴.
.
, milk/ m i l k /
[/ ũ] о 鸮 [ũ] [ũ] 鸱 ִ.
.
̴ (m) [] [] ƴ [] о [] ̸ [],
[] [] [] 鸰. sit/sit/ [], [V] 鸱 ִ.
.
/i/[] ѱ []ʹ Ȯ ʴ.
̴ Լ ణ и鼭 ª []Ѵ.
.
ʱ нڴ 켱 ڽ µ Ʋ Ȯ
Ͽ ϰ ٴ .
==