<영문해석 훈련>(12)

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(12) by /bai/[바이]

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ɑd. ① ⦗위치⦘ 곁에, 가까이에

• stand by ( )

• close 〔hard, near〕 by ( )

• nobody was by when the fire broke out.

( )

• he happened to be by. ( )

② a) ⦗흔히 동작의 동사와 함께⦘ (곁을) 지나서, (때가) 흘러가서

• pass by ( )

• the car sped by. ( )

• time goes by. ( )

• let me by! 실례합니다.《사람을 제치고 지나갈 때》.

prep. ① ⦗장소·위치⦘ …의 (바로) 옆에, …곁에〔의〕, …에 가까이

《near보다 더 접근》; ⦗흔히 have, keep과 함께⦘ 수중〔신변〕에 (갖고)

• a house by the seaside ( )

• sit by the fire ( )

• i haven’t got it by me. ( )

② ⦗통과·경로⦘ a) …의 옆을, …을 지나(…쪽으로)《past가 보통임》

• the car sped by the house. ( )

③ ⦗때⦘ a) ⦗기간⦘ …동안에, …사이(during)《by 뒤의 명사에는 관사 없음》

• work by night and sleep by day ( )

b) ⦗시한⦘ (어느 때)까지는(not later than)

• finish this work by the end of the week. ( )

• we had all arrived by the time he came. ( )

④ c) ⦗doing을 목적어로⦘ …함에 의해서, …함으로써

• she passed the examination by working hard.

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⑤ ⦗동작주를 보이어⦘ …에 의해서, …에 의한《수동형을 만드는 데 쓰임》

• be made by john smith ( )

⑥ ⦗준거⦘ a) ⦗척도·표준의 근거⦘ …에 의해, …에 따라서

• 3:30 by my watch ( )

• judge a person by appearances 〔his appearance〕 사람을 외양으로 판단하다

• a man is known by the company he keeps.

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b) ⦗by the ...의 형태로 단위를 나타내어⦘ …을 단위로, …로, …에 얼마로 정하고

• work by the day ( )

• they are paid by the week 〔result(s)〕.

( )

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